ABSTRACT
In June of 1932, the Communists began to consider slave labor in central production plans. After 1963, the national economy took a turn for the better and the labor reform camps (LRC) system began to develop again. Every two weeks a "special" meal of white-flour steamed buns and pork-broth soup is provided. Anyone wandering outside of the restricted area is considered as an attempted escape and is immediately shot. In response to this incident, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) Central Committee called a meeting of the Political Bureau, at which Public Security Ministry Chief Luo Ruiqing reported on his investigations into the matter, and labor reform policies were reviewed and discussed. When the word "labor" is used in terms seen in Communist official documents or propaganda-such as "double labor personnel" (lianglao renyuan), "double labor enterprises" (lianglao qiye), or "double labor work" (lianglao gongzuo)-one "labor" refers to convicted labor reform, the other to reeducation through labor.
