ABSTRACT
In the case of Italian Fascism, one of the most important political that was to shape doctrine was Italian Nationalism, a critical but distinctive component. Italian Nationalism traced its origins to a prefascist ideological tradition that began to take form around the turn of the twentieth century and found fairly rigorous doctrinal expression among members of Associazone Nazionalista Italiana between 1910 and 1912. Whatever similarities M. N. Roy or Marxists and Western academics found between Italian Fascism and the revolutionary ideology of Sun Yat-sen derive almost exclusively from their shared reactive and developmental nationalism. Whatever similarities obtain between Sun Yat-sen’s ideology and that of Italian Fascism arise out of their doctrinal nationalism. Marxists interpreted the nationalism of Sun Yat-sen and that of Italian Fascism as instrumental—of interest only as it might be marshaled to the service of proletarian revolution. In China, the literary and philosophical reformism of the nineteenth century gave way to the anti-Marxist, developmental nationalism of Sun Yat-sen.
