ABSTRACT
Chapter three of Unequal By Design examines the history of high-stakes standardized testing in the United States. It begins by tracing the origins of standardized testing within I.Q. testing and the eugenics movement in the early 1900s, and how that origin was supported by the movements for social efficiency and scientific management in education. In turn, this chapter analyzes how standardized testing was used to sort and stratify students, how standardized tests moved into prominent use in publics schools in the U.S., and how the model of capitalist production became dominant in schools.
