ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses the post-war origins of the humanitarian protection regime beginning with the establishment of the United Nations and the drafting of the UN Charter. The chapter describes the central institutional and legal pillars of the protection regime, including the Genocide Convention and the International Criminal Court. The chapter discusses the role of neutrality and impartiality as guiding principles for humanitarian relief work during the Cold War, and the emergence of the ‘new’ rights-based humanitarianism. The chapter then turns to the early beginnings of peacekeeping during the Cold War, before concluding with a brief discussion of changes brought about by the end of the Cold War.
