ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses post-Cold War changes to international protection practice. The chapter describes the significance of policy developments including the 1992 report of the UN Secretary-General, ‘An Agenda for Peace’, the formulation of the ‘sovereignty as responsibility’ formula contained in the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement of 1998, the full elaboration of the ‘Responsibility to Protect’ principle in the report of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty in 2001, and the endorsement of the principle at the UN World Summit in 2005. This discussion is interlaced with description of the international responses to the Rwandan genocide, the Kosovo crisis, and the Arab Spring. The chapter concludes with a discussion of recent scholarship in the field.
