ABSTRACT
Chapter 6 brings cogenclusion – a conclusion on cogeneration with its development in the European regulatory environment. It starts from the examination of the current legal nexus on combined heat and power brought by the Clean Energy Package (“Clean energy for all Europeans”). Herein, the analysis covers the Energy Efficiency Directive (2012/27/EU) in its current version (as amended in 2018 and 2019 by the Regulation on the Energy Union – Regulation (EU) 2018/1999), the Fourth Electricity Directive (Directive (EU) 2019/944), and the Third Electricity Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2019/943). Additionally, Chapter 6 evaluates the recent legislation on renewables (Renewable Energy Directive from 2018 – RED II, i.e. Directive (EU) 2018/2001) and the last revision of the EU ETS with their regulatory impact on combined heat and power. Moreover, Chapter 6 evaluates the overall European regulatory approach to CHP. For that, it gathers legislation and policies on cogeneration, with regulatory measures and tools to support and promote combined heat and power in one regulatory box. It is a joint category (gathering European laws and policies) to describe CHP in the European law. Chapter 6 also summarises recent statistics on CHP (for 2016 and 2017) and overall impact of the European law on combined heat and power. Finally, the chapter explores the possible future of the legal framework on CHP in the EU addressing such issues as cogeneration cooperatives/cogeneration communities (cogenatives/cogenmunities), or Micro-Collective-Flexible-Smart-High-Efficiency cogeneration – MCFlexSHE CHP.
