ABSTRACT
This chapter introduces the reader to the history of behavioural theories of leadership. It initially focuses on the prevalence of classical and scientific management approaches to organizational productivity generally focused on treating employees as if they were machines, using time and motion studies and other scientific techniques. The expert insight is provided by Andrew Barnes, CEO and co-founder of the not-for-profit 4-Day Week project and board member of the Wellness Research Institute at the University of Oxford. The early part of the chapter presents the dominant need- and goal-based theories of motivation, discussed as content and process theories. Microsoft recently trialled a 4-day work week in Japan, reporting a 40 per cent jump in productivity and increased efficiency in meetings, with employees who participated in the trial also reporting greater levels of balance and happiness.
