ABSTRACT
Pronouns are either very basic ‘noun-like’ words which denote or point to particular persons or things within the actual or speech context or else, in an ‘adjective-like’ way, they modify a noun in order to specify more narrowly what the noun is in a given context. ‘Adjective-like’ pronouns identify more precisely what their noun is or refers to in the given context. English definite and indefinite articles are similar to these, but Czech has no direct equivalent for them. A personal pronoun refers to a person already mentioned or known from the context of the speech or text. In Czech, subject pronouns are regularly omitted as the subjects of verbs, except where necessary or for emphasis. Demonstratives can also be used as slightly emphatic third-person noun-like pronouns, referring to people and things already defined, and using the appropriate gender.
