ABSTRACT
This last chapter provides answers to why the spatialized and multi-scalar nature of Islamophobia has been so little explored in scientific research, moving from Critical Islamophobia Studies towards a critical geography of Islamophobia and anti-Muslim racism. This concluding chapter questions the paucity of geographical approaches in two ways. The first critical point concerns the qualitative methodological approaches traditionally chosen in the study of the geographies of Islamophobia. Spatialized Islamophobia is based on a glocal process (connecting the macrospace of the globe to the microspace of the body (and mind)) and therefore requires the use of a mixed-methods approach, little used in Geography (and in other social sciences). This difficult combination of quantitative and qualitative methods certainly hampered such a study. The second critical point concerns the dominant profile of geographers and their main scientific concerns. This discipline has always been weaker in discussing and exploring discrimination in relation to religion or race compared to other social sciences. This weakness is largely explained by the fact that Geography is a predominantly White discipline and raises important questions about the role of racism within it as well about a greater difficulty in studying oppressions – and therefore Spatialized Islamophobia – from the perspective of the oppressed.
