ABSTRACT
The financial crisis of 2008 and the coronavirus pandemic challenged the idea that globalization is inevitable. The virus disrupted “supply chains,” what some call the “global assembly line,” and Latin American’s place within it. A wave of right-wing populism promoted a retreat into darker forms of nationalism, most pronounced in Brazil, the region’s most influential country. The Pink Tide challenged that neoliberalism but failed to address dependence on extractive industries, which increased with new Asian trade and investment. This cocktail of forces heightened the precarity of popular sectors and left unaddressed migration, global warming, and other issues requiring a global response.
