ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses both external and internal causes. In times of prosperity, organisations can expand and invest in new products or services. Through legislation, regulation and subsidy, the government and government institutions affect the environment of many organisations. Once a decision has been taken to implement a certain large change, planned organisational change must take place. Changes are implemented to achieve improvements in the functioning of the organisation and achieve the goals it has set for itself. Depending on the reasons for change, changes can be made in the structure of the organisation, in relationships between departments or groups or in relationships with groups in the external environment. Two broad approaches to the implementation of changes in organisations can be identified: a design approach and a development approach. Establishing goals, developing an appropriate organisational design, and planning and implementing the necessary changes are achieved through discussion and negotiation, in which the different levels in the organisation participate.
