ABSTRACT
This chapter concentrates on the return of Aristotle to the medieval world after roughly 1100 and situates it against both irredentist military campaigns in Spain and the rise of medieval universities, especially in England, France, and Italy. Among other thinkers considered are Anselm of Canterbury (1033–1109), Thomas Aquinas (1225–1274), Abu I-Walid Mohammed ibn Ahmad ibn Rushd (1126–1198), and William of Ockham (1290–1349).
