ABSTRACT
In the context of critical thinking, the term “argument” is different from its usual meaning implying a strong disagreement. More technically, an argument consists of one or more statements that are used to provide support for a conclusion. The statements that provide the support for a conclusion are called the reasons or premises of the argument. Arguments often require assumptions and qualifiers (limiting conditions). Diagramming arguments is a useful skill for deciding whether the premises provide good support for the conclusion. People often rationalize when evaluating arguments, often by focusing on information that supports a favored conclusion. One way of spreading false information is the use of repeated presentations of premises that are blatantly false, which makes the task of evaluating the credibility of information critical. Steps for defending against misinformation are provided. Twenty-one reasoning fallacies are provided such as false dichotomy, slippery slope, and appeals to pity. It is important to differentiate between reasoned judgment and opinions.
