ABSTRACT
Resilience theory conceives of traditional knowledge as evolving over time on the basis of long-term observation and responses to crises, and thus as increasing the capacity to cope with disturbance. The core of a resilient city expands the target to cover all aspects of the city and has strong inclusiveness. This is also recognized as one of the seven characteristics of resilience. This is also further discussed by The Rockefeller Foundation and Arup who suggest seven characteristics of urban resilience based on the need of the city’s various systems, including Reflective; Resourceful; Inclusive; Integrated; Robustness; Redundant, and Flexible. The concept of a resilient city originated from ecology or ecological science. Resilience is the best way to enhance community livelihoods and promote sustainable development. China started late in the construction of resilient cities. The analysis of Shanghai’s city resilience is an important reference for the construction of resilient cities in the Yangtze River Delta.
