ABSTRACT
Environmental conditions heavily influence aviation. Uncontrollable natural forces, as simple as temperature and the movement of air, have a direct impact on the efficiency and economics of air travel. Convection describes the vertical movement of air. Convection can trigger weather events that impact aviation, such as turbulence and wind shear. Many aviation regulations specify minimum visibility requirements for specific types of operations. Significant weather events, such as severe storms, heavy rains, and changes in prevailing winds, directly impact aviation operations. In 1873, the first International Meteorological Congress was held in Vienna, Austria-Hungary, and the International Meteorological Organization was established. Modern forecasting gathers international data from a variety of sources, including environmental satellites, Doppler radar, and automated weather observing systems (AWOS), among others. Meteorology is the scientific study of the atmosphere associated with forecasting the weather.
