ABSTRACT
This chapter looks at the development of artificial intelligence and machine learning. AI has been in the focus of the scientific community since the 1950s. The commercial use of AI commenced in the 1990s; since then, machine learning has advanced to the point that systems can now learn how to accomplish a task without explicit steps for doing so. Six years ago, Stephen Hawking hauntingly suggested that AI could spell the end of humanity. At the same time, AI has been singled out as a critical technology to support criminal justice interventions. The chapter explores the origins and developments of AI, issues around AI, the law and offending, bias and error in AI, and AI and the criminal justice system.
