ABSTRACT
Historically speaking, the subjective aspect of the soul had always been almost exclusively in the foreground of attention. Very important is also the primitive idea of a “loss of soul,” because it is evidence of a rudimentary inkling of subjectivity in the narrower sense, in particular of subjectivity as a feeling of self. Many times the fugitive soul is thought of as a bird, which in one way would be a better image than the dog used by Jung, but of course the dog run away from his master is the better illustration of the idea of loss. However, regardless of the historical difference, the phenomenon itself in our world corresponding to what in primitive societies was termed “loss of soul” is precisely not only to be found in primitive societies. It is therefore an underdetermination to say that the souls in the underworld lack both phrenes and thymos.
