ABSTRACT
Suffragists in Illinois, Iowa, and New York carried out key state campaigns in the 1910s. Illinois women debated whether it was best to work for an amendment to the state constitution, a new state constitution, or a legislative bill for presidential and municipal suffrage. Neighboring Iowa suffragists struggled to win support for the right to vote despite emphasizing their civic responsibility. Due to its size and influence, suffragists viewed New York as an important state to win. A diverse coalition that included working-class and Black women as well as wealthy society women was key to the victory there.
