ABSTRACT
How are ‘export controls’ defined? Why have export controls been imposed historically in the US? What has informed the development of US export controls over the years? What contemporary developments have led to the further enhancement of export controls in the US? How have other leading economies such as the EU and China responded to the US initiatives in the recent consolidation of its national export control legislation? Should the normative framework for export controls emerge multilaterally or nationally? What are the problems of extending export controls to dual-use items and technology? Is it possible to unlink export controls from the underlying rational of dismantling import controls? Are there international law and policy issues involved in the development of national export controls? How do export controls come under WTO disciplines? It is in the light of such questions that this chapter focuses on the US Export Control Reform Act of 2018.
