ABSTRACT
The third global colonial wave affected regions of the world that had been spared by the first two colonial waves. In many parts of the world this third wave was the first. Under this wave, colonialism demanded what the two previous waves had not needed as much. The settlers of the expanding settler colonial ‘frontiers’ first set up settler colonial commons that disregarded the property of Indigenous peoples. Settler colonialism as a form of domination thus targets areas mainly unsuitable for other types of colonialism: inaccessible hills, coasts far, far away, and inland plains. Indigenous decentralised polities were also making conquest by way of military expeditions impossible. The settlers embraced a new theory of land possession: in their opinion, labour mixed with land produces property. The third global colonial wave established a global pattern of settler neo-Europes: in southern Africa, North America, Argentina, Australia, New Zealand, the Russian Far East, and in Central Asia.
