ABSTRACT
In this chapter an attempt is made to present the outcome of republicanism in all four of the countries under consideration. The radical republicans of England lost out when the French Revolution evolved into a Republic of Virtue that was a Reign of Terror. Burke’s refutation of Richard Price, however unfair, won the day. Earlier, at the time of the American Revolution, the Scottish luminaries denounced republicanism in terms that read as a preview of Burke during the French Revolution. In America Jeffersonians accused Federalists of favoring England and monarchy at the expense of the young American republic. Soon, however, during the age of Jackson, the Democrats and Whigs fought over which party was truly democratic, not over which was republican. The word republican persisted but lost meaning. It was in France that republicanism continued to matter as republicans struggled against Napoleon, the Restoration Monarchy, the July Monarchy, and the Second Empire. The efforts of frightened French liberals to suppress the republicans placed the latter in the position of being the defenders of the liberal principles betrayed by liberals. It was in France, not America, that a battle between liberals and republicans took place.
