ABSTRACT
This chapter examines the sanctions associated with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) safeguards system. A listing of the formal sanctions measures available to support the IAEA safeguards necessarily starts and practically stops with the statutory provisions. According to Article XII.C of the IAEA Statute, the Board of Governors is to report to the Agency’s members every instance of non-compliance which it finds to have occurred. The IAEA itself must notify all its members of any non-compliance with safeguards found by the Board. Similarly, all United Nations members would be informed through the General Assembly. Thus, all countries in the world would be alerted to the desirability of and possibly the need to react appropriately to this development. The specific sanctions contemplated as part of the IAEA’s safeguards system are nuclear in nature, that is, the suspension, cessation and even the withdrawal of nuclear assistance.
