ABSTRACT
A central aspect of globalization has been the rapid increase in international population mobility: millions of people migrate across national borders, many only temporarily, yet nearly every migration flow leads to some long-term or permanent settlement. This often gives rise to the formation of distinct ethnic communities, which may in certain circumstances become ethnic minorities. As discussed in Chapter 2, population mobility and minority formation have changed the context of citizenship, compared with the period from the eighteenth to the midtwentieth century. The tension between the universalistic principles of citizenship and its particularistic bond to a culturally defined national community has become unmanageable.
