ABSTRACT
A century ago companies began to increase in size. Many of them became large, complex, and bureaucratic, often employing thousands of workers. As is true of all instances when humans band together to amplify their individual efforts, communication was instrumental in the endeavor of managers to direct activities needed to create, produce, and sell products or to provide services. Early management theories assumed bosses should be dominant, paternal, and rational in the use of communication to direct employees’ work. Management philosophy advanced when researchers demonstrated that human relations help employees feel good about their work, themselves, and the organization. Building on that advice, the human resources approach resulted when managers and researchers recognized the importance of involving employees in the design and execution of work; it acknowledged that bosses cannot control workers. An understanding of communication can help managers and their personnel coordinate efforts needed to achieve their company’s mission.
