ABSTRACT
In this chapter, the authors present two excerpts about participation frameworks in media. In the first, Anne O’Keeffe shows the inadequacy of traditional dyadic models of communication for the analysis of media communication, and theorizes about the participation status of audiences when it comes to broadcast media. In the second excerpt, Rodney Jones discusses how different kinds of media present users with affordances for and constraints on ‘mutual monitoring’, and thus facilitate different kinds of surveillance. The most basic and relatively unquestioned model of communication involves the notion of a two-way flow between a speaker and a hearer. The speaker encodes a message and the hearer decodes it, and so on. While, at a schematic level, this dyadic model abstracts the core process of communication, many have commented on its inadequacies and the need for its refinement so as to accommodate the actual conditions of spoken encounters.
