ABSTRACT
Two hundred Holocaust survivors gathered in Auschwitz in late January 2020 to commemorate the Soviet liberation of the camp in 1945. Many of them feared that the crimes committed by the Germans and their collaborators throughout Europe would be forgotten. Holocaust survivors, their children, and others, concerned that the lessons of the Holocaust would be forever lost if more was not done to keep its memory and lessons alive, began to play an important role in the development of memorials, museums, archives, and educational programs to ensure the eternity of some lessons. The result was a newly found interest in Holocaust studies driven by a new body of scholarship that looked more deeply at the personal nature of the Shoah, not only in terms of its victims but also its perpetrators. This was particularly the case in four countries—Israel, the United States, Germany, and Poland.
