ABSTRACT
This chapter offers a basic introduction to the principles and operational features of signal processing operations and effects, with an emphasis on what they are intended to do, and how they work. Similar concepts apply, whether processing is handled in external hardware or using plug-in signal processing modules. Filtering and equalization are the primary means by which different parts of the audio frequency spectrum are given different gains, so as to alter their relative prominence, thus affecting the shape of the spectrum and the timbre of the sound. The lo-mid section is the same as the hi-mid section except that it covers a lower band of frequencies. A graphic equalizer consists of a row of faders, each of which can cut and boost a relatively narrow band of frequencies. Many graphic equalizers conform to this type of action, and it has disadvantage that a relatively broad band of frequencies is affected when moderate degrees of boost or cut are applied.
