ABSTRACT
In English, formal and causal speech is indicated by the speaker’s choice of words. Korean has different speech level endings for serving this purpose. The formal speech level is used for public and formal communication. It is used, for example, in broadcasting, public speech, business-related meetings, and conference presentations. The polite speech level is the informal counterpart of the formal speech level. It is the most commonly used speech level and, regardless of age or gender, can be used in any situation where polite language is called for. The polite speech level is used when addressing someone of senior status in casual conversations, with friends if their friendship began in adulthood, and with strangers. Koreans frequently combine the formal speech level and the polite speech level. This can occur even in formal settings. The use of polite speech level endings, even in formal settings, makes the dialogue sound less formal.
