ABSTRACT
The anatomy and functions of the separate areas of the brain (cerebrum, limbic system, thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, basal ganglia, brain stem and cerebellum) are described. The concept of brain connectivity is explained along with the main networks (default, salient, affective and cognitive control networks). The definitions, anatomy and functions of the central, peripheral and autonomic nervous system, both sympathetic and parasympathetic, are highlighted. The blood–brain barrier is described. The anatomy and functions of the meninges and cerebrospinal fluid are described. The pathological categories along with the lasting mental health effects of COVID-19 infection are highlighted. Brain biomarkers are defined and discussed.
