ABSTRACT
The development of the brain from the earliest embryonic stages to full maturity, incorporating neurulation; neuronal migration; development of the forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain; the brain at birth; infant and childhood brain development; and the teenage brain, including brain growth spurts, are all described. Brain reflexes (avoidance and approach) are described. The concepts of plasticity, synaptogenesis, synaptic pruning and myelination as components of brain development are explained. The debate about the start of consciousness is highlighted. Motor, sensory, speech and memory development are discussed. The influence of hormones (notably testosterone, oestrogen and thyroid hormones) and nutrition on brain development is described.
