ABSTRACT
The basal ganglia are discussed in detail, along with the symptoms, the genetics and the environmental factors. The pathophysiology of Parkinson disease (especially brain dopamine levels), Huntington disease and Wilson disease (especially copper levels) are discussed. The genetics especially involve the single gene mutations that cause Huntington disease and Wilson disease, and the variable genes linked to Parkinson disease. The pharmacology of the drugs for the control of Parkinson disease and Wilson disease symptoms are explained, together with the complications linked to long-term drug therapy in Parkinson disease and the reason for triple therapy. The history of Harvey disease is recorded.
