ABSTRACT
The hippocampus is described in detail as the site of short-term memory, together with the surrounding structures and internal pathways. The types of memory (long-term and short-term memory in particular) and the detailed biology of memory formation, at the neural network and cellular levels, in relation to the formation of long-term potentials are explained. The genes involved in memory formation are highlighted. Memory loss, in the form of mild cognitive impairment and functional cognitive disorder, is discussed. The process of learning is examined, including the three main brain networks involved. The pathophysiology and the genetics of learning disorders (notably dyslexia) are explained.
