ABSTRACT
The structure and function of the neuron is described, highlighting the main components (cell body, dendrites and axon). Neuroglia (glial cells, notably astrocytes) are identified and classified, and functions described. Nerve impulse induction, from resting membrane potential through threshold potential and action potential, and return to resting potential (depolarisation and repolarisation) is described. Transmission of the impulse along the axon is explained, both in unmyelinated and myelinated axons demonstrating saltatory activity. The structure and function of the synapse is highlighted along with the concept of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators. Axoplasmic transportation is described as a mechanism of protein transport along the axon.
