ABSTRACT
The first part of this chapter reviews three traditional policy approaches to reducing warfare and/or superpower confrontation. The second part proposes how, only to concede that hopes for "radical action" would require unprecedented faith in the power of free will. As such, it presents a naive, unpromising approach to deciphering and defusing warfaring propensities in a nuclear age, one which ignores evolutionary underpinnings of nationalistic and patriotic behaviors. The new element would have to remind the reader constantly that when inclusive fitness maximization is promoted through ethnocentrism, out-group enmity, nationalism, and patriotism, the destruction of the very inclusive fitness the people seek to foster and protect becomes imminent. Initiated by Poland, it began in 1978 with a General Assembly resolution entitled "Declaration on the Preparation of Societies for Life in Peace". Perhaps hope lies in individuals whose actions extend beyond nationalism and patriotism, to concern for the whole of humanity.
