ABSTRACT
This chapter details the reformulation of Buddhist tradition in America by Metaphysical Buddhists to posit that the religion was defined by positivity and joy, rather than pessimism and dread. It analyses the writings of Metaphysical Buddhists from 1899 to 1957, with a particular focus on the years from 1944 to 1957; during this time period Buddhist magazines focused on Buddhist histories of corruption and the dangers of devolution. Buddhists have defended their religious traditions against accusations of atheism throughout interactions with European and North American travellers to Asia; however, in presenting the religion for American audiences, Buddhists were forced to adapt their religion in order to counter accusations of atheistic nihilism.
