ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses IBM SPSS Statistics that provides a wide variety of non-parametric techniques. Although the non-parametric techniques have less stringent assumptions, there are two general assumptions that should be checked. The assumptions are random samples and independent observations. The various non-parametric techniques are illustrated using examples from a set of data files on the website. The frequencies and percentages provided in the Crosstabulation table can also be used to calculate the sensitivity and specificity of a measure or test. This is commonly used in the medical literature to assess the accuracy of a diagnostic test in detecting the presence or absence of disease or to assess the accuracy of a new test against some existing gold standard. Sensitivity reflects the proportion of cases with the disease or condition that were correctly diagnosed, while the specificity represents the proportion of cases without the condition that were correctly classified.
