ABSTRACT
Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) is an extension of analysis of variance for use when people have more than one dependent variable. These dependent variables should be related in some way, or there should be some conceptual reason for considering them together. MANOVA can be used in one-way, two-way and higher-order factorial designs (with multiple independent variables) and when using analysis of covariance (controlling for an additional variable). Although the significance tests of MANOVA are based on the multivariate normal distribution, in practice it is reasonably robust to modest violations of normality (except where the violations are due to outliers). Conduct a one-way MANOVA to see if there are gender differences in each of the individual items that make up the Sleepiness and Associated Sensations Scale. The variables people need as dependent variables are fatigue, lethargy, tired, sleepy and energy.
