ABSTRACT
Settings can be constructed to convey pathetic fallacy or to suggest the emotional landscape of a character stormy backdrops, for example, are conventionally used by filmmakers to suggest emotional upheaval or character sadness. Some common setting types that are popular within contemporary mainstream and independent cinema include the following: Props are objects or items that are given visual prominence by filmmakers. The purpose of props in films, like settings, is hugely diverse, but can include the following: Costume and make-up decisions help to communicate important information about characters via a rich variety of visual cues. Indeed, costuming decisions tend to be made very early on in films and are the subject of intense research. Students should be alert to those cues when providing analysis and also to the meanings relayed when the application of costume and make-up is transformed during a film.
