ABSTRACT
Responding to cyber attacks requires a flexible, non-linear approach to accommodate the constantly changing online threats. The risks are constantly developing, and the different critical infrastructure (CI) entities need to create proactive and reactive responses. Therefore, there is a need for anticipatory governance forms that are flexible and dynamic to build up resilience and be able to mitigate the effect of an attack. The predominant focus of this chapter is on cybersecurity strategies and the strategic positions of the actors using theories, such as risk, nodal governance, complexity, and game theory. Moreover, this chapter includes examples of cybersecurity strategies developed on the international, regional, and national levels.
