ABSTRACT
In this chapter, we introduce and describe the development and application of relatively new ‘dual-process’ frameworks. These attempt to integrate both automatic and reflective determinants and processes of physical activity. Previous chapters have tended to rely on reflective (‘cognitive’) models, frameworks and theories. But there is growing recognition of the importance of more automatic ways of processing information and cues, and these can operate alongside reflective approaches. The chapter addresses the key issues of affective processing as well as habit. We also discuss behavioural economics and nudging of behaviour change. Frameworks and evidence from literature on nudging are introduced. The use of financial incentives is also discussed.
