ABSTRACT
A number of other approaches can be used to influence change and could be employed when planning or supporting changes in practice. Models that would not normally be used in managing organisational or practice change in health care are explored. The models here emanated from the field of psychology and behavioural science. Behavioural and cognitive theories considered include positive reinforcement, which has long been identified as important not only to change behaviour but also to maintain such change. Other approaches, including those of McGregor, Bandura, Maslow and Rogers, are included and have been used to change both individual and organisational behaviours. The focus on cognition is not enough, models that focus on emotion in change are considered. Lewin’s model is highlighted again. Kübler Ross’s work on the ‘grief cycle’ and Bridges’ Transition Model are explored. These see emotion at the heart of the change process that people experience. Appreciative Inquiry focuses on the positive factors already present in organisations or groups which could be used to support change. Finally, two theories within the health context that focus on changing health behaviour of individuals and the population are explored, the Nudge theory and the Transtheoretical Change model.
