ABSTRACT
Whether ownership is concentrated or dispersed, owners of clubs have to decide whether their major objective is profit or titles, as the two are incompatible. Those who prioritise playing success are often willing to accept losses to achieve their target, while profit-maximisers emphasise revenue exceeding costs in their calculations. Owners may be businessmen, but they are not necessarily sports entrepreneurs, the people who push the sports industry forwards. To be an entrepreneur involves not merely running a business but also risk-taking and/or innovating by, among other things, developing new sports, events, or competitions; applying new technology to the production of equipment and apparel; promoting new venues; bringing sport to new audiences and participants; making deals to have sport broadcast and televised; and reinvigorating and restructuring traditional or established areas of sport. They can be categorised as direct profit-seekers, indirect revenue-seekers, psychic income-seekers, and those with not-for-profit objectives.
