This chapter addresses the impact of a pandemic on healthcare , the management, prevention, and treatment of illnesses and the promotion of mental and physical well-being. Early in the coronavirus pandemic, for example, health departments were hampered by a shortage of testing capacity. Public health includes disease prevention, the extension of life, and the promotion of health through informed choices. Healthcare policies and programs, both public and private, improve accessibility, disease control, education, equity, preparation, and response. Population health refers to a country’s health status. It is a function of health inputs or determinants, including public health, climate factors, education, environmental quality, income, the distribution of outcomes, and health policies. Healthcare markets seek cost-effective methods of providing care to patients. The provision of healthcare includes four levels: individuals, groups, organizations, and systems. Professional groups, including doctors, nurses, and healthcare assistants, deliver services to individuals, focusing on quality care, positive outcomes, and cost constraints.