ABSTRACT
Public sectors reduce restrictions on economic activity. People may be anxious to return to work, concerned about lingering health effects. The reason that the process of economic recovery is challenging for policymakers is that the consequences of a new disease are unforeseen and multisectoral, impacting individuals in all areas of society. During economic recovery, households, businesses, and governments attempt to re-energize the circular flow of economic activity, transitioning the economy in a fluid and dynamic process from recession to expansion. Many countries reacted to the influenza pandemic, which began and peaked in 1918 but lasted until 1920, with lockdowns and other nonpharmaceutical interventions, including social distancing, school closings, and targeted quarantines, the same measures taken during the coronavirus pandemic. Economic recovery entails a process of economic mobilization in sync with the stabilization of public health.
