ABSTRACT

The use of in-camera or darkroom techniques to focus on particular characteristics and exclude others, to the point that the image is no longer representational; or, creating non-representational shapes and forms without a camera, for example through the use of light. The first mass-market colour film, Kodachrome superseded the early colour process Autochrome and was widely used by amateurs and professionals until it was discontinued in 2010. Discovered in the 11th century and improved with the use of mirrors from the 16th century on, to project the image with the correct orientation. The process was used almost exclusively for printing from calotype negatives until albumen and wet collodion negative processes were introduced in 1850 and 1851. The craze for stereoscopes swept Europe and the US during the 1850s and 1860s; they were a hugely popular form of home entertainment. .