ABSTRACT
This chapter considers general and cognition and learning differences and difficulties. Children with learning difficulties may learn at a slower pace than their peers despite appropriate differentiation. Neuroscience, which is the scientific study of the brain and human nervous system, has enabled a greater exploration of the brain architecture including the key processes which influence child development. Cognition in its simplest form means thinking, and the researchers commonly explore this through executive functions. According to Miyake and Friedman, executive function is the umbrella term used to characterise a set of thinking processes that guide our everyday functioning and goal-directed behaviours. Cultivating friendships between children with a recognition that understanding differences are “part and parcel” of the social dynamic. Reinforcing the behaviours that will help them to engage effectively, for example, providing meaningful praise and feedback, having routines and rhythms for a sense of the structure.
