ABSTRACT
Can we conceptualize the formation of radical urbanism? What aspects shape the relationship between politics and the urban space? How does the urbanization of political violence and conflict reshape the cities? What characteristics shape the relationship between conflicts, revolutions, protest squares, and social movements? This chapter explores the idea of the square as a place of political violence, social unrest, and struggle. It aims to theorize the relationship between space and social movement. As the case study, this article focuses on the political squares in the greater Middle Eastern region. Alongside the theoretical discussions, the empirical case studies will provide a multidimensional source for exploring squares as the critical, symbolic, and identical nodes of revolutions and political conflicts. Some prominent relevant theories such as “Liminality” and “Rhizomatic Democracy” will be analyzed to theorize the necessity of urban social movements.
