ABSTRACT
This chapter emphasizes the frequency with which traumatic circumstances are associated with animal companion death. Such circumstances may include sudden realization of the animal’s terminal illness; euthanasia, including economic euthanasia; animal’s inability to verbally communicate distress; accidents, caused by the steward or others; running away or kidnapping; witnessing or involvement in animal neglect or abuse; forced or unwanted surrender of the animal; and the difficulty protecting animals due to their legal status as property. Secondary trauma is also common among those who care for, but do not directly steward, animals. This may include animal healthcare workers, shelter workers, pet sitters, neighbors, family members, and friends. It may also be applied to those deeply affected by animals but who do not directly interact with them, such as naturalists or environmentalists. Untreated traumatic or secondary traumatic reactions may lead to symptoms of trauma, including PTSD. It is, therefore, important to assess, identify, and treat traumatic reactions to animal companion death in addition to bereavement support, to avoid prolonged grief or incomplete resolution of mourning.
