ABSTRACT
Trotula is a compilation of three originally separate medical texts – Conditions of Women, Treatments for Women, and Women's Cosmetics. All three circulated under the name of Trota of Salerno, a female medical practitioner from late eleventh- to early twelfth-century Italy, likely the authority behind Treatments for Women. The Trotula compilation is a product of the explosion of learning during twelfth-century Renaissance, and shows the influence of classical antiquity via Arabic texts – in the case of Conditions of Women, the influence of Galen of Pergamon via Ibn al-Jazzar's Viaticum, translated by Constantine Africanus. Hildegard of Bingen was a Benedictine nun, a visionary who documented her experiences in a series of complex theological works, a composer, and Germany's first known female physician, best known for her visionary work Scivias.
