ABSTRACT
For Marx as a philosopher, a class struggle in its “inner” essence was not a concrete fight between people, but an abstract contradiction between generalities —between “forces of production” and “production-relations.” And since all past history was but the dialectic life-story of such contradictions, Marx was able to assert that “All past history, with the exception of its primitive stages, was the history of class struggles.” If the Copernican astronomy is subject to explanation as a result of economic motions on earth, it is not a true science of motion in the heavens. Marx greeted Darwin’s theory of evolution as a “sup-port from natural science.” And the general Marxian opinion, expressed in numberless articles and pamphlets, is that Darwin’s discovery was “a glorious corroboration and completion of the Marxian theory.” The differences between Marx and Darwin are just as significant, however, as their similarities.
